Editor's note: CCHERS oo ah urur caalami ah oo si gaadh ah ugu daba-taagan [nuclear toxic]-ga islamarkaana cilmibaadhis ku sameeyey xeebaha Soomaaliya ayaa ku tilmaamay in [toxic waste]-gu ku yahay dhibaato xooggan xeebaha Somalia. tiiyoo haba yaraatee cid dan kalihi aysan jirin.
Kolka laga soo bilaabo horraantii 2007dii Kooxaha sida badan la sheego in ay jid-gooyo u fadhiyeen xeebaha Soomaaliya ee dunida galbeedku sida ugu badan ogaga qayliyaan ayaa ay in dhawaytaba dunidu ku mashquulsanayd oo si cod dheer ay tilmaamayeen in ay xad-gudub ku yihiin sharciyadda dunida, iyagii oo si toos ah isaga indha-tiraya fal-dembiyeedyada intaba ka culus ee ay dalalka galbeedku sunta halista ah ugu soo daabulayaan xeebaha Soomaaliya.
Maanta rubuc qarni kadib, weli tu intiiba ka daran ayaa si arxan darro ah loogu dhuraya xeebaha Soomaaliya gaadh ahaan Puntland oo iyadu ka arrimisa xeeb dhererkeeda lagu qiyaasay 1300km, tiiyoo ay qaylo dhaan joogta ah ka soo saaraan cisho walba bulshawaynta dunida ee sida ugu badan u daneeya arimaha daryeelka bii'aada!
BILOWGII SUNTA SOMALIA
Sanadkii 1997kii ayaa kolkii ugu horreysay lagu daabacay wargayska[Famiglia Cristiana] oo isagu Italy laga leeyahay warbixin dheer oo ay isu uruurisay kooxda safka hore kaga jirta u doodidda xuquuqda bii'ada ee [Greenpeace], tu lagu sheegay in sunta ay dundia galbeedku u soo safrinayso Somalia ay bilaabatay sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay, goortaa waxa ay warbixintaasi si gaadh ah u tilmaantay shirkado taa un dallaal ka ah, kuwan oo laga leeyahay [Switzerland] iyo [Italy], kuwan suntaa ka soo waarida Yurub, tii ugu yaabka badnayd ayaa iyadna noqotay in dhamaan maraakiibta suntaa soo rarayaa ay mulkiyadoodu Soomaalidu lahayd.
Sanadkii 1991kii dagaal-oogayaashii Soomaaliya daba-rogay ayaa kadib la wareegay in ay suntaa Soomaaliya lagu shubo horgal u noqdaan oo kolkaa ay iyagu wax un dhaqaale lagu sheegay ka sameeyaan, sida goob joogu ku waramay waxa ay kula heshiiyeen qolyihii reer yurub ee suntaa daabulayey in ay kaga bedeshaan hub, maraakiibtaa kolka ay daadiyaan suntaa iyo hubkaa dagaal oogayaasha ku jeeda ayeey dib ola laaban jireen intay doonaan oo noocyada Kalluunka badda Soomaaliya ah.
Dagaal-oogayaasha oo ay ku booqdeen magaalada Muqdisho war-fidiyeenno caaalami ah ayaa iyagu si cad u tilmaamay warbixinno lagu baahiyey warbaahinta la iska eegto ee Talyaaniga sidii ay howlgaladaa u maarayn jireen, sidii wax loo kala badalan jiray iyo tan ugu muhimsan ee ay qolyahaa daba-joogeen ee heshiisyadaa lagu sumaynayey badda Somalia; Isla warbixinadaa oo biyo kama dhibcaan ahaa ayaa sababtooda loo dilay dhowr warfidiyeenno caalami ahaa oo booqday Somalia si loo tirtiro raadka ka gacansiga sunta lagu daabulayo xeebaha Soomaaliya.
MAANTA IYO XEEBAHA SOOMAALIYA
Warbixinno iska soo daba dhacayey min xilligaa ilaa iyo maanta ayaa ay [Greenpeace] kaga digayeen dhibaatada ay reer galbeedku ka wadaan xeebaha Soomaaliya, kolka lagu daro waydiin ogaalkii [European Green Party] ay u gudbisay barlamaanka Yurub, tiiyoo si adag la isu waydiiyey qashinka sunta ah [toxic waste] ee ay dalalka [German], [French] iyo [Italian] ugu daabulayaan xeebaha Soomaaliya.
Dabagal ay sameeyeen kooxo Yurubta ah oo si adag xil isaga saaray in ay dibadda soo dhigaan dhibaatada lagu hayo xeebaha Somalia ayaa isla baarlamaankaa Yurub u soo gudbiyey macluumaad tilmaamayey in mar keliya xidhmo gaadhaysa 400 oo milyan oo kiilo lagu shubay xeebaha Soomaaliya tan oo lagu bedeshay aduun gaadhaya 7milyan oo lacagta Maraykanka ah oo keliya, goortaa [Legambiente] oo ah koox u dooda bed qabka deegaanka gaadh ahaan tan la xidhiidha [toxic waste]-ga ayaa tebiyey in ay Soomaaliya noqotay halka ugu badan ee dunida lagu daabulo qashinka iyo haraaga [nuclear]-ka.
Bad-rogankii 2004tii ee [tsunami]-da ayaa isaguna sabab kale oo loo qaateen ah u noqday in ay intiiba soo dibad-baxaan oo kolkaa baraamiil waawayn oo wax un dareere ahi ay ka buuxaan lagu arkay xeebaha Soomaaliya, tu kolkii dambe sabab u noqotay in ay ummad badan oo aagagaa yaalay ay cuduro aan la aqoonsan ay god aakhiro ugu hoydeen, halka caafimaadkii deegaanadaa uu hoos u dhac weyni ku yimid, tan intaba ka daran ayaa iyadna noqotay in dhamaan howlahaas oo dhami cid wax iska waydiisay aysan jirin gudaha iyo dibada dalka toona.
CCHERS oo ah urur caalami ah oo si gaadh ah ugu daba-taagan [nuclear toxic]-ga iyo inta la xidhiidha islamarkaana qayb ahaan ka howl gala Soomaaliya ayaa cilmibaadhis uu ka sameeyey howlahaa imika taagan uu maxsuulkeedii ku soo uruuriyey "Qashinka [toxic waste]-ga lagu shubayo badda Soomaaliya si baahsan ayaad ugu arkayso xeebaha Soomaaliya, gaadh ahaan xeebaha durugsan ee dalka, walow aysan jirin maamul ilaa iyo imika isu taagay in uu arintaa wax la taaban karo ka qabto ama kaga falceliyo"
Dhibaatada xagga caafimaadka ee lagu arkay Soomaaliya xilliyadan dambe ayaa iyadna u ah tilmaan cad suntaa lagu shubayo badda Soomaaliya, sida ubad ku dhasha maroorsanaan xagga abuurka ah, kansarka fara dhaafay ee Soomaalida maanta; Inkasta oo aysan doonaynin in ay farfiiqaan inta badan kooxaha u doodo xuquuqda aadanaha iyo kuwa deegaankaba oo iyagu og halka ay waxan ka imanayaan iyo cidda u soo waaridda Soomaaliya, iyagii oo ka cabsi qaba tu la mid ah dilkii loo gaystay [Ilaria Alpi] oo iyada oo arimahan daba taagan nafta horay loo dhaafiyey sanadkii 1994kii, sidaas oo ay tahay haddana waxa ay qabaan ama ay kooxahaasi ku tilmaameen sunta maanta Soomaaliya lagu soo daabulayo "Geeri".
MAARAYNTA URUGADAA
Qaar badan baa qaba in qolyahaa reer Yurub ee xeebaha Soomaaliya guddaafadda ka dhigtay la hor keeni doono oo lagu qaadi doono qaanuunka ay reer Yurub u dhigteen taa [259/93 and 92/3/Euratom] oo dhigaya in dal waliba qashinkiisa halista ah uu si nabad ah u maareeyo, haddii kolkaa uu si sharci darro ah goobo kale ugu shubana ay tahay in uu dib ula soo noqdo, walow in kale oo badan ay qabaan in ay taasi adkaan doonto maadaama aysan jirin wax calaamad ah oo muujinaya halka ay barmiiladaa guddaafadda halista ahi wada ay ka yimaadeen ama cidda iska leh ee guddaafadaa halkaa u soo fogaysay, iyo qanuunkan oo laga yaabo in ay reer Yurub lafahooda oo qudha u qoondeeyeen.
Tan ugu yaabka badan ayaa iyadna ah in UNDP oo arintaa wax laga waydiiyey ay ku dooday "in ay adag tahay in sunta lagu shubayo badda Soomaaliya meel lagu sheego maadama ay xeebaha Soomaaliya balaadhan yihiin, tu ay tusaale ogaga dhigeen cirbad bad ku siibatay iyo sida loo haleeli karo, waxa ay ku taliyeen in kolka hore maamul wanaagsan la helo, kadibna ay iyagu isu taagi doonaan nadaafadda taa"
MAXAA LAGA CABANAYAA?
Sida badan tan aadanaha sida gaadhka ah u dhibta ayaa ay ku tilmaamaan [Toxic waste], iyadna loo dhigaa haraadigga qaybo kala duwan sida [manufacturing] Warshadaynta, [heavy metals], [radiation], iyo tan ugu khatarta badan ee [pathogens]-yada, ama sida guud tan loogu yeedho [toxins] ee iyadu asal ahaan laga soo min-guuriyo sunta nooc ay noqotaba, qaarba si loo agaasimaa, kolka horena loo amaamudaa qaab [metabolic] ama [cells] nool ama [organisms]-ka
Intan tusaale ugu filan iyo sida ay u saamaynayaan xubnaha jirka aadanaha.
Tan sida gaadhka ah looga cabanayo [Toxic waste] lagu soo koobaa walax laga maarmay ama dantii laga lahaa laga gaadhay intii ka soo hadhay oo kolkaa meel un dunida ah loo qashin-qub-geeyo, walxahan oo sida badan ka dhasha haraadigga howshii lo qasday ee aagaga [farming]-ka, [construction]-ka dhismayaasha, [automotive]-ka warshadaha gawaadhida, [laboratories]-ka shaybaaradda , iyo [hospitals]-da xarumaha caafimaadka.
Hadaba [Scientist]-yaasha aqoonyahanka xagga Sayniska ee daba-taagan taa ayaa isugu geeyey tan aadanaha sida gaadhka ah u dhibaysa dhowr walxood, tan sida ugu ba'an u hollisa aadanaha dhibaato noloshiisa dhaafin karta, ama ka dhiggi karta in uu god aakhiro u hoydo.
[Arsenic]; Cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, astaha lagu yaqaan [AS] tirada [atomic]-giisuna yahay [33], loo adeegsadaa xadhgaha korontada, dunidu u aqoonsantay in qayb ahaan uu ka mid yahay [carcinogen]-da ay suuragal tahay in uu wax yeelo [genome]-ka, ama uu sabab u noqdo howlgabnimo xagga [metabolic]-ga ah, isagu sabab loo qaateen ah u yahay amaamudanka cudurka halista ah ee [cancer]-ka.
[Asbestos] Nooc macdanta ah oo si dabiici ah loo heli karo, u dhigan qaab lixle ah, isugu xidhan xidhmooyin "microscopic"-ga ah, si fudud ayaa loo raacsiin karaa hawada-sare kan oo dhibaato xooggan u gaysan kara saablayda aadanaha kolka ay dib u jiidaan, sabab u noqdaa [cancer]-ka sambabada; Imika dunidu u aqoonsatay in uu halis xooggan ku yahay caafimaadka iyo badbaadada aadanaha.
[Cadmium] Cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, astaha lagu yaqaan [Cd] tirada [atomic]-giisuna yahay [48], leeyahay midabka qalinka, Jilicsan yahay, xagga [chemical]-ka la nooc ah labada nooc ee kale ee birta ah oo ay ku wada jiraan kooxda la isku yidhaahdo [group 12] ama loo yaqaan [IUPAC] xagga tirada; Isagii oo loo aqoonsaday in uu yahay [toxic] haddana waxaa si sahlan looga heli karaa [batteries] iyo bacaha, tan ugu yaabka badan ayaa ah in sigaar-yacabku uu si joogta ah ogaga helayo kol walba oo uu dib u jiido sigaarkaa uu cabayo, ama kolka uu qof un isu qaado in uu cantuugo khanziir ah horay isu dhaafiyo, waayo waxa ay tani qayb ka tahay walxaha loo adeegsado qaab warshadaynta khansiirka. Cunsurkani waxa uu sabab u noqdaa dhibaato xooggan oo gaadha sambabada, kelyaha iyo dheefshiidka.
[Chromium]: cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, astaha lagu yaqaan [Cr] tirada [atomic]-giisuna yahay [24], isagu ka dhigan cunsurka ugu horreeya ee [group 6], adag leh midabka boorka oo kale, tayada uu u leeyahay jiritaanka iyo isagii oo aan si sahlan u tirmin ayaa looga faa'iidaystaa samaynta birta, gaadh ahaan kolka maadadaa lagu laaqo [metallic chromium], tan oo adkaysigeeda in ay tiranto lagu sheegay 85%; Iyadna loo adeegsadaa magadaynta maqaarka xoolaha; Sida ay dunidu u aqoonsatay maanta waa sabab kale oo aad cudurka [Canser]-ka isku arki kartaan, isaga oo si yar oo aadan dareemin u tirtiraya nudadka sambabada.
[Clinical wastes]; Qashinka ka dhasha xarumaha caafimaadka sida cirbadaha la isku mudo, qaaruuradaha dawada lagu keeno, oo iyagu sabab u noqda faafidda [pathogens], [microorganisms]-yo ay suuragal tahay in ay hor kacaan cuduro kala duwan, kuwan oo ay adkaan doonto in la hor qabto.
[Cyanide]; cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, oo isagu isaga sidkan xidhmada loo yaqaan [C≡N], si taa ka dhow waxaa loo garan ogyahay [cyano group], oo iyagu ka kooban [atom]-yada ay horgalka u yihiin [carbon]-ka sadex-lingaxanaha ah ee ku tolan [atom]-ka [nitrogen]; Si badan loogu adeegsadaa sunta cayayaanka lagula dagaalamo, iyadii oo fara-dhaafta ayaad ku mudan kartaa dhinac engag, iyo saableeyda oo awdanta.
[Lead] cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, astaha lagu yaqaan [Pb] tirada [atomic]-giisuna yahay [82], sida badan loo adeegsadaa [batteries]-yada, ringiga aqalada, iyo rasaasta; Isagii oo aad dib u jiiddo ayaad ku mudan kartaa dhibaato xooggan oo uu u gaysto saablaydaada, [Nervous system], xidhiidhsanaha taranka, iyo kelyaha.
[Mercury] cunsur [chemical]-ka ah, astaha lagu yaqaan [Hg] tirada [atomic]-giisuna yahay [80], loo aqoon ogyahay [quicksilver] kol hore loo aqoon jiray [hydrargyrum]; Sida badan loo adeegsadaa buuxinta ilkaha, iyo [batteries]-yada; Halka si dhan loogu adeegsado amaamudka gaaska loo yaqaan [chlorine]-ta oo isagu ah kan labaad ee ugu khafiifsan kolka laga soo tago [halogens]-ta; Kolka aan si sax ahayn loo adeegsado ayuu sababa maroorsan xagga abuurka ah, ama ilmo ku dhasha iyadii oo ay wax ka qaldan yihiin abuurkooda, iyo maskaxda iyo kelyaha oo ku dhinta.
MAARAYNTA HARAADIGA [nuclear]-ka
Dunida Galbeedka ee adeegsada [nuclear]-ka oo qayb ahaan noqon kara hubka ugu halista badan dunida, dhanka kalena kolka si nabad ah loo adeegsado la isku raacsan yahay in ay tahay sababta ay galbeedku dunida ogaga hormareen; Sida helidda awood joogta ah tan sare u qaaday wax soosaarka dhan walba ee dalalkaa.
XUSUUSO; Dhamaan haraadigga halista u ah noolaha iyo deegaanka ee la is daba wareejinayo dunida ayaa in badanna ka badan kan [nuclear]-ka sida aad ka akhristeen qormooyinkeenii hore. Tusaale; Maraykanka oo keliya Haraadiga sunta halista ah ee isaga gudubta gudahaa dalkan ayaa ay tahay 5% oo keliya tan ku lug leh [nuclear radioactive]-ka halka inta kale ay tahay un haraadigga suntaa iska badatay ee aadanaha halista ku ah.
Kolka aan dib u eegno iyo xeerarka loo dejiyey maaraynta taa, [IAEA] ayaa xaddidaysa agabka ay tahay in lagu daabulo kolka laga rarayo goob ee loo raro goob kale, tan ayaa ay shardi kaga dhigaysaa in lagu raro barmiil xajmigiisu dhan yahay 25cm, tan ayaa iyadna la mid ah haddii ay dhacdo in lagu raro qaaruurad, sabab un u diidi karta in ay maadadaasi degdeg ugu milanto walax un; Haraadigga noocan hore oo ah [LLW] mid awoodiisa waxyeeladu in badan ka yar tahay kan la duugo, dib ayaa loo adeegsadaa oo loogu celiyaa xarumaha dab dhilayayaasha ku shaqeeya awooda [nuclear]-ka, si markaa ay ogaga badbaadaan aadanaha iyo degaankuba.
Iyadii oo ay iska caddahay dhibaatada uu aadanaha iyo deegaankaba u leeyahay ayaa haddana aysan taasi ahayn mid maalin iyo habeen un iskii isaga libdhi doona, sida ay isku raacsan yihiin aqoonyahanka daba taagan taa in haraadigga [nuclear radioactive]-ku jiritaankiisu dhaafsiisan yahay 100.000 oo sanadood kolka aagagaa loo maareeyo sida ay qabaan xeerarka taa loo dhigay ee [IAEA], tu iyadna la yaab leh ayeey ku sheegeen qolyaha [Anti-nuclear]-ka haddii goobihii sida sharciga bed-qabku qabay loo maareeyey uu sidaa xaalkeedu yahay cidda u maqan goobaha sida sharci darradda ah loogu daabulo ee xeebaha Soomaaliya, tan ayaa noqotay su'aal jawaab loo waayey.
[Direct disposal] ayaa ah iyadu tubta labaad ee loo adeegsado maaraynta haraadiga [nuclear]-ka kan oo si toos ah loo duugo dhammaan intii la adeegsaday ee loo gartay in ay tahay haraadi halis ku ah aadanaha iyo deegaankaba, loo qoodaa godod waawayn oo dhulka hoostiisa ah oo ugu yaraan gudahana u qodan in ka badan 610 meters, tan oo aan dib dambe loo adeegsan doonin, goododkaa ayaa gudaha loo dhigaa oo deetana lagu dabbaasaa, oo weliba shamiinto iyo dhagxan la isugu daraa, sababta cabsida laga qabo in uu maalin un soo neefsan doono. Qaybo kale oo isla taa un ah asiise ka yara adag ayaa iyadna ah tan loo yaqaan haraadigga [fission]-ga, tan oo goobo badan oo dunida ah ilaa iyo maanta maareeynteeda lala doon doonayo hogag waawayn oo salka loo dhigo.
Isagii oo sidaa loo maareeyey haddana weli jirtoo qaybo kale oo farabadan oo ay adag tahay in si sahlan loo maareeyo, waana tan sida badan xeebaha Soomaaliya loo soo waarido, sida ay qabaan hay'adaha howshaa u xilsaaran [NEA] oo ay si dhow u wada shaqeeyaan [OECD] iyo sidii loo maarayn lahaa tii ay u wada aqoonsadeen in ay tahay [HLW] oo ah nooca ugu halista badan, tu ay adag tahay in loo helo meel un luqunta loo geliya, kolka laga eego dhaqaalaha caqli ka baxa ah ee ku baxaya maareeynta gudaafaddan.
AADANAHA IYO [radioactive]-Ka.
Inta badan walxuhu leeyihiin [radioactive]-ka, nolosheena oo dhan ayaa uu dhex yuururaa [radioactive]-ku, ciidda, buuraha, agabka dhismaha, cirka, cuntada, iyo koleey innaga dhexdeena noqotana, tiiyoo iska caadi ah inta uu marayo heerka ay suuragal tahay in uu aadanuhu maarayn karo oo aysan caafimaadkiisa iyo deegaanka uu ku nool yahay waxba gaadhsiin doonin, ay suuragal tahay in uu gaadho heerka [2-3mSv/yr] sanadka oo dhan.
Tan ugu dhibka badan ayaa ay [scientists] aqoonyahanka daba-taagan taa ku tilmaameen tan uu aadanuhu gacantiisa ku laaqo ee [nuclear radioactive] oo ay ku sheegaan in ay suuragal tahay in uu aadanuhu qabatimi karo oo keliya inta u dhexaysa [1mSv/yr] sanadkii, halka xirafad yahanka ka shaqaynaya taa uu jirkiisu qabatimi karo oo keliya [20mSv/yr] sanadkii, qolyaha [nuclear]-ka daneeya ayaa ku dooday in ay adag tahay in la arko in ka badan tiradaa la sheegay, oo weliba ay dhici kartaa in tu in badan ka badan taa [50mSv/yr] sanadkii la arkaa in aysan cidna waxba yeelin, walow aysan jirin ilaa iyo imika cid madax banaan oo tijaabisay ama ka hadli karta arintaa.
NOTE; La soco qaybaha dambe ee qormooyinkan oo aannu u gaadh yeeli doono [Radioactive waste] iyo intii aannu kala kulanay cilmibaadhistii [CCHERS] oo aannu dulmarnay qaybo dhan oo xeebaha Soomaaliya ah.
References
Elmi, Leyth. Ph.D., CBRN, ISD, ILSofI ~ His current multi-disciplinary research program focused full spectrum of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense which interact with highly toxic chemicals, animal models, and medical/environmental countermeasures. The research crosses the boundaries of several traditional and contemporary disciplines including biomedical science, nanomedicine, and drug design.
